Masu sha na ultraviolet na iya da ƙarfi da zaɓin ɗaukar manyan haskoki na ultraviolet masu ƙarfi, kuma suyi amfani da jujjuyawar kuzari don sakin makamashin da aka sha azaman makamashin zafi ko ƙaramar hasken wuta{1}makamashi mara lahani, ta haka zai guje wa lalacewa ga fata da hana lalacewar polymer. Shanye makamashin ultraviolet yana haifar da zumudi sannan kuma bazuwar hoto na jiki da na hoto. Rarraba da tsari, sun fi hada da benzophenones, salicylates, benzotriazoles, maye mahadi, triazines, da dai sauransu. Mafi yadu amfani a cikin robobi masana'antu ne benzophenones da benzotriazoles. Benzophenone UV absorbers a halin yanzu su ne mafi yadu amfani da UV absorbers. Suna ɗaukar kusan dukkanin kewayon UV. Hanyar da za a iya daidaitawa ita ce hydroxyl hydrogen akan zoben benzene da ƙungiyar carbonyl kusa da ke cikin kwayoyin. An kafa haɗin haɗin hydrogen na intramolecular tsakanin oxygens, suna yin zoben chelation. Lokacin da makamashin hasken ultraviolet ya nutse, kwayoyin suna fuskantar girgizar zafi, an lalata haɗin haɗin hydrogen, kuma zoben chelation ya buɗe, don haka canza hasken ultraviolet mai cutarwa zuwa mara lahani Ana fitar da makamashin zafi mai cutarwa. A cikin masu shayarwa na benzophenone ultraviolet, dole ne a sami ƙungiyar hydroxyl a cikin matsayi na ortho, in ba haka ba ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman mai daidaita haske ga polymer ba. Nau'in wakilci na yau da kullun na irin wannan nau'in masu ɗaukar UV sun haɗa da UV-53UV-9 da sauransu. UV-531 tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta da salicylate UV absorbers sune farkon nau'in masu ɗaukar UV da aka yi amfani da su.
1. Benzophenone UV absorbers su ne mafi yadu amfani da UV absorbers. Wannan nau'in ultraviolet absorber yana da jinkirin ɗaukar tasiri akan uV{2}}A, uV{3}}B, da uV{4}}C. Ƙungiyar ketone da ƙungiyar hydroxyl a cikin kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen don samar da zoben chelate. Bayan ya sha makamashin haske na DUV, sai ya jure zafin jijjiga na kwayar halitta, yana lalata haɗin haɗin hydrogen na ciki, kuma yana buɗe zoben chelate. Yana maida makamashin hasken ultraviolet zuwa makamashin thermal kuma ya sake shi. Bugu da kari, rukunin carbonyl da ke cikin kwayar halitta za a sha shi da makamashin hasken ultraviolet. Jin daɗi yana haifar da tautomerism kuma yana haifar da tsarin enol. Wannan kuma yana cinye wani ɓangare na makamashi. A cikin irin wannan nau'in mai ɗaukar UV, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar hydrogen a cikin kwayoyin yana da alaƙa da tasirin sa na hoto. Ƙarfafa haɗin iskar oxygen, mafi yawan makamashin da ake buƙata don halakar da shi, kuma mafi yawan makamashin UV da ake cinyewa a cikin sha, mafi kyawun sakamako; akasin haka. Hakanan. Har ila yau, tasirin ƙarfafawa yana da alaƙa da tsayin sarkar alkoxy akan zoben benzene. Idan yana da tsayi kuma yana da kyakkyawar dacewa tare da polymer, tasirin ƙarfafawa zai zama daidai. A cikin benzophenone - tushen UV absorbers, dole ne a sami ƙungiyar hydroxyl a matsayin ortho na ƙungiyar carbonyl, in ba haka ba ba za a iya samar da haɗin hydrogen na ciki ba kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman mai ɗaukar UV ba. UV absorbers tare da ortho hydroxyl kungiyar iya sha 290 ~ 380 ~ m na ultraviolet haskoki, kusan babu bayyane haske sha, babu canza launi, kuma mai kyau dacewa da polymers. Idan akwai ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl guda biyu a matsayi na ortho na ƙungiyar carbonyl, zai iya ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet na 300 zuwa 400fzm kuma ya sha wani ɓangare na hasken da ake gani. Sakamakon ɗaukar hasken da ake iya gani, ƙarin hasken bai daidaita ba, yana sa abubuwan da aka haɗa da wannan abin sha na ultraviolet su zama rawaya. Tare da manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna da rashin daidaituwa, don haka amfanin su yana da iyaka. Ko da yake benzophenone ba tare da o{27}}ungiyoyin hydroxyl suma suna da ikon ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet, zai haifar da bazuwar kansa lokacin da aka fallasa shi da haske, don haka bai dace a yi amfani da shi azaman abin sha ba.
2. Salicylate UV absorbers su ne na farko da aka yi amfani da su. Har ila yau, Salicylate yana da haɗin haɗin hydrogen na ciki a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Ikon irin wannan nau'in ultraviolet absorber don ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet yana da ƙasa sosai a farkon, kuma kewayon sha yana da kunkuntar (kasa da 340vm). Duk da haka, bayan an haskaka shi da hasken ultraviolet na wani ɗan lokaci, shayar da shi yana ƙaruwa a hankali har sai an sha. Wannan shi ne saboda ta Ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet, sake tsara kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa, samar da tsarin benzophenone tare da ƙarfin shanyewar ultraviolet, don haka yana ƙarfafa tasirinsa na ultraviolet. Saboda haka, mutane suna kira shi majagaba ultraviolet absorber. Bishydroxybenzophenone da abubuwan da suka samo asali bayan sake tsara kwayoyin halitta na iya sha wani bangare na hasken da ake iya gani kuma su bayyana rawaya, yana haifar da abubuwan da aka kara da wannan abun sha na ultraviolet su zama rawaya.
3. Tsarin aikin benzotriazole UV absorbers yayi kama da na benzophenones. Benzotriazoles suna da kewayon ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet kuma suna iya ɗaukar haske tare da tsawon tsayin 300 ~ 400 ~ m. Da kyar yake ɗaukar hasken bayyane sama da 400~m, don haka samfurin ba zai canza launin ba. Bugu da kari, tsarin aikin maye gurbin acrylonitrile da triazine ultraviolet absorbers ana zaton cis{7}} trans isomerization ne, canza makamashin haske ko sakin makamashi mara lahani. Acrylonitrile -masu maye gurbin ultraviolet absorbers na iya ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet na 290 zuwa 320 Fm, kuma baya ɗaukar hasken da ake iya gani, kuma ba zai sa abin da aka shafa ya canza launin ba. Nau'in nau'in ultraviolet iri uku{13} na iya ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet na 300 ~ 400~m. Masu ɗaukar ultraviolet na iya ɗaukar chromophores na taimako (kamar-NH, -OH, -SOH, {{20}cOOH, da dai sauransu) da ƙungiyoyin chromophoric (irin su C: N, N: N, N: O, C) tare da tsawon tsayin da ke ƙasa 400m. :O da sauransu). Dukkansu suna da alaƙa da asalin ƙamshi. Hakanan ana iya amfani da nickel na halitta azaman abin sha na ultraviolet, amma galibi ana rarraba shi azaman mai kashe wuta (wanda kuma aka sani da mai kashewa ko matting wakili, ko Laser state quencher, makamashi quencher), kuma ikonsa na ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet ya fi na mai kashewa. Haɗin yana da ƙasa, amma yana iya hana rarrabuwar kawuna ta hanyar ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet ta polymer. Kamfanonin nickel na halitta kwayoyin halitta ne waɗanda ke jin daɗi cikin jihohi masu jin daɗi ta hanyar hulɗa tare da polymers yayin da hasken ultraviolet haske, maido da yanayin farin ciki zuwa yanayin ƙasa da kuma juya makamashin ultraviolet zuwa ƙananan hayaki mai ƙarfi ba tare da haifar da lalacewa ba. , don haka kare polymer daga lalacewa. Don haka ana kiranta quencher saboda tsarin aikinsa ya bambanta da na masu ɗaukar UV gaba ɗaya. Masu shayarwa UV suna canza tsarin kwayoyin da kansu, yayin da masu kashe kuzari suna watsar da makamashi ta hanyar canja wurin makamashi tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Bugu da kari, abubuwan kariya masu haske Carbon baki, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc barium, da dai sauransu suma abubuwa ne da zasu iya sha ko kuma nuna hasken ultraviolet. An kafa shinge tsakanin polymer da tushen haske don ɗauka ko nuna hasken ultraviolet kafin su isa saman polymer. Lokacin da aka shafe shi kuma ya nuna, yana toshe hasken ultraviolet daga shiga zurfin cikin polymer. Mafi inganci shine carbon baki. Free radical scavengers suma wani nau'in sinadari ne wanda zai iya samar da daidaiton hoto. Su ne abubuwan da aka samo asali na piperidine tare da tasirin hanawa kuma ana kiran su amine photostabilizers.
