1. Menene stabilizer haske
Hasken rana shine igiyar wuta ta lantarki. Lokacin da ya ratsa ta sararin samaniya da Layer ozone, kusan dukkanin haskoki da ke ƙasa da 290nm da sama da 3000nm ana tace su. Raƙuman wutar lantarki waɗanda a zahiri suke isa ƙasa sune 290nm ~ 3000nm, wanda tsayin tsayinsa shine 400 ~ 800nm (kimanin 40%) shine hasken da ake iya gani, tsayin daka na kusan 800-3000nm (kimanin 55%) shine infrared, kuma tsayin raƙuman yana da kusan 0m na 0m. ultraviolet.
Hasken ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana shine babban dalilin tsufa na kayan polymer. Duk da cewa hasken ultraviolet yana da kusan kashi 5% na hasken rana, amma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Bayan samfurin polymer ɗin ya sha hasken ultraviolet, ya isa ya haifar da polymer ɗin don kansa{3} oxidize da ƙasƙantar da shi, lalata haɗin sinadarai na polymer, karya da ƙetare - kuma ya sa kamanni da kayan aikin polymer su lalace, kuma ƙarfin yana raguwa. , gajarta rayuwa. Ana kiran wannan tsari photoredox ko photoaging. Hasken ultraviolet kuma yana iya wucewa ta saman saman fatar mutum, yana lalata ƙwayoyin fata, yana haifar da fata a hankali tauri kuma ta rasa elasticity, bayyana wrinkled da haɓaka tsufa.
Haske stabilizer wani ƙari ne don samfuran polymer (kamar robobi, roba, sutura, filayen roba), waɗanda ke iya garkuwa ko ɗaukar makamashin ultraviolet, kashe iskar oxygen guda ɗaya, da lalata hydroperoxides zuwa abubuwa marasa aiki. , a ƙarƙashin hasken haske na haske, polymer na iya ware ko rage jinkirin yiwuwar daukar nauyin hoto, hana ko jinkirta tsarin daukar hoto, don cimma manufar tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfuran polymer.
2. Nau'in masu daidaita haske
l Wakilin kariya mai haske: Wannan wani nau'in sinadari ne wanda zai iya yin garkuwa ko nuna haskoki na ultraviolet, ta yadda haske ba zai iya shiga ciki na polymer ba, ta yadda zai kare polymer. Abubuwan kariya masu haske sun haɗa da inorganic pigments irin su carbon black da titanium oxide, da kwayoyin halitta irin su phthalocyanine blue da phthalocyanine kore, daga cikinsu carbon baƙar fata yana da mafi kyawun kariya.
l Mai ɗaukar ultraviolet: Ayyukansa na iya ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet yadda ya kamata tare da tsawon 290{2}}410nm, amma da wuya yana ɗaukar hasken da ake iya gani, kuma yana da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi da kwanciyar hankali. Dangane da tsarin sinadarai, ana iya raba shi zuwa: o-hydroxybenzophenones, benzotriazoles, salicylates, triazines da maye gurbin acrylonitriles. Ana amfani dashi azaman stabilizer na haske na taimako da mai hana haske, musamman a cikin polyolefins ko sutura.
l Quencher: Yana iya karɓar makamashin da chromophore ke sha a cikin filastik kuma yana fitar da makamashi a cikin nau'i na zafi, haske ko phosphorescence, don haka yana kare polymer daga lalacewar UV. Yana da tasiri mai kyau na ƙarfafawa akan polymers kuma ana amfani dashi mafi yawa a cikin fina-finai da zaruruwa. Yawanci wasu nau'ikan nickel chelates na halitta. Organonickel haske stabilizers suna da kyakkyawan aiki, amma ana iya maye gurbinsu da wasu marasa guba ko ƙananan masu kashe guba saboda gubar ion ƙarfe mai nauyi.
l Free radical scavenger: Wannan nau'in na'urar daidaita haske na iya ɗaukar radicals na kyauta da aka samar a cikin polymer, ta yadda zai hana hoto{0}} tsari na iskar oxygen da cimma manufar daidaitawar haske. Mafi hana amine light stabilizers (HALS). Shine mafi kyawun sabon nau'in ingantaccen haske mai ƙarfi{3}, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar haɓakar buƙatun shekara-shekara a duniya shine 20% zuwa 30%.
l Hydroperoxide decomposer: Yana daya daga cikin masu hana haske amine stabilizers. Polymers na iya samar da hydroperoxides yayin adanawa da sarrafawa, haifar da hoto{1}}lalacewar oxidative na polymers, da bazuwar hydroperoxide na iya lalata peroxides, samar da tsayayyen nitrogen{2} oxygen radicals, da kuma ƙara kama radicals kyauta, ta haka yana hana lalata polymer.
3. Rashin hasara na masu daidaita haske
l Wakilin kariya na haske yana da kyakkyawan sakamako na kariya da ƙarancin farashi, amma yana da haske{0}}garkuwa da kayan canza launi, kuma ya dace da kayan da ba su da kyau kawai;
l Masu shayarwa UV suna da fa'ida mai fa'ida, amma saboda tasirin kariyarsu, ba za su iya kare saman samfuran da samfuran bakin ciki yadda ya kamata ba. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda suna da tsattsauran mahalli na halitta, akwai kuma masu canzawa, sanyi, ƙaura, da hakar sauran ƙarfi. Rashin hasara, wanda ba wai kawai yana rinjayar dagewar aikinsa ba, har ma yana haifar da gurbatar yanayi;
l M jihar quencher da hydroperoxide decomposer da high photostability, low volatility, kadan blooming da ƙaura, kuma su ne resistant zuwa hakar, wanda zai iya yadda ya kamata kare saman kayayyakin da bakin ciki kayayyakin. Koyaya, launin duhu ne, guba da gurɓataccen muhalli suna da girma, kuma zai bazu ya canza launi a yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda ke da tasirin sulfur{1} mai ɗauke da ƙari;
l The free radical scavenger yana da haske a launi, yana da fitaccen tasiri na tabbatar da haske, kuma yana iya kare saman samfuran da samfuran bakin ciki yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, saboda ta alkalinity, yana da wani antagonistic sakamako tare da acidic substrates da Additives. Yanayin acidic zai shafi aikinsa. A lokaci guda, kamar UV absorber, domin shi ne mai tsarki kwayoyin fili, shi ma yana da disadvantages kamar maras tabbas, blooming, ƙaura, da kuma hakar.
4. Misalan tsarin aikin masu daidaita haske
1. UVA
2. HALS
