Yin amfani da maganin antioxidants na filastik yana ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun hanyoyin da za a iya jinkirta lalacewa ko thermo{0}} tsufa na oxidative na resin robobi da samfura. Gabaɗaya -manufa antioxidants ko high{3}}ayyukan antioxidants wani lokacin suna da wahala a cika buƙatun sarrafa zafin jiki da amfani mai girma{4}, wani lokacin kuma ba su da inganci-. Zaɓin farashi{7}masu maganin antioxidants masu inganci suna buƙatar cikakken la'akari da tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na resin filastik, tsarin polymerization, yanayin sarrafawa da amfani da samfur.
A lokacin hadawa da bayan {{0} sarrafa robobi, da kuma sarrafawa da amfani da kayayyakin robobi, saboda dalilai kamar zafi da iskar oxygen, polymers ɗin filastik za su ƙasƙanta zuwa digiri daban-daban, wanda kai tsaye yana shafar kaddarorin jiki, kayan aikin injiniya, da bayyanar resins da samfuran. Abubuwan da ba su da kyau a kan launi, aiki, da sauransu. Amfani da antioxidants yana ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun hanyoyin da za a jinkirta lalata ko thermos{3}} oxidative tsufa na resins da samfurori. Iri-iri na aikace-aikacen da ƙarin adadin antioxidants an ƙaddara su ta hanyar tsarin kwayoyin halittar guduro na filastik, tsarin polymerization, yanayin sarrafawa da amfani da samfur.
1. Ayyuka da nau'ikan antioxidants
Saboda daban-daban kwayoyin Tsarin na roba resins, ko guda kwayoyin tsarin saboda daban-daban polymerization tafiyar matakai, sarrafa dabaru, amfani yanayi da yanayi, thermal hadawan abu da iskar shaka dauki gudun da kuma thermal hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya na filastik resins ne sosai daban-daban.
Ana kara Antioxidants zuwa resin filastik don hanawa ko rage ƙimar ƙimar iskar oxygen ta thermal na filastik macromolecules, jinkirta tsarin lalatawar thermal da iskar oxygen na resin filastik, haɓaka juriya mai zafi na resin filastik, tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfuran filastik, da haɓaka amfani da samfuran filastik. m roba Additives.
Antioxidants sune abubuwan da aka fi amfani dasu a cikin robobi. Na farko, ana amfani da antioxidants a matakai daban-daban na polymerization na filastik, granulation, ajiya, sarrafawa, amfani, da sake amfani da su. Na biyu, a cikin nau'o'in nau'ikan kayan filastik daban-daban tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban da suka bayyana a duniya a yau, irin su polyethylene, polypropylene, polymers styrene, robobi na injiniya, robobi na musamman da sauran kayan, mafi yawan nau'in kayan filastik ta amfani da antioxidants sune .
Maganganun rigakafin filastik da aka saba amfani da su gabaɗaya an kasu kashi biyar bisa ga tsarin kwayoyin halitta da tsarin aiki: hana phenols, phosphites, thios, composites da amines masu hana (HALS).
Abubuwan da aka hana phenol antioxidants sune babban maganin antioxidants na kayan filastik, kuma babban aikin su shine amsawa tare da radicals oxidative R‧ da ROO‧ waɗanda ke haifar da iskar oxygen a cikin kayan filastik don katse ci gaban sarƙoƙi masu aiki. An raba maganin antioxidants phenol zuwa monophenol, bisphenol, polyphenol, nitrogen heterocyclic polyphenol da sauran nau'ikan bisa ga tsarin kwayoyin.
Phosphite antioxidants da sulfur -mai ɗauke da antioxidants duka biyun antioxidants na taimako ne. Babban tsarin aikin shine a lalata hydroperoxides masu aiki sosai a cikin robobi zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin aiki. Abubuwan da ake samarwa a cikin gida da amfani da antioxidants na phosphite suna da kusan kashi 30% na yawan samar da gida da amfani da antioxidants. Sulfur -mai dauke da sinadarin antioxidant da ake samarwa a kasar Sin ana iya kasu kashi uku bisa ga tsarin kwayoyin: thioester antioxidants, thiobisphenol antioxidants da thioether phenols.
Nau'o'in antioxidants na farko da na sakandare daban-daban, ko nau'in antioxidants iri ɗaya tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban, suna da ayyuka daban-daban da tasirin aikace-aikacen, kowannensu yana da ƙarfinsa da rauninsa.
Haɗin antioxidant ɗin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan antioxidants biyu ko fiye na nau'ikan daban-daban ko nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ɗaya. Zai iya koya daga juna a cikin kayan filastik kuma yana nuna tasirin haɗin gwiwa. Thermo -Tasirin tsufa na oxidative. Tasirin haɗin gwiwa yana nufin cewa idan aka yi amfani da addittu biyu ko fiye a hade, tasirin aikace-aikacen ya fi jimlar tasirin kowane abin da aka yi amfani da shi shi kaɗai, wato, 1+1﹥2.
Masu hana amine stabilizers rukuni ne na mahaɗan amine na halitta tare da tasiri mai tsauri, waɗanda ke da ayyukan daidaitawa guda huɗu na lalata hydroperoxide, kashe iskar oxygen mai daɗi, ɗaukar radicals kyauta, da sake yin amfani da kanta. Ingantacciyar ma'aunin nauyin kwayoyin da ke hana amines suna da tasiri sosai kuma suna da tsayin{1}}magungunan antioxidants, da kuma ingantattun masu daidaita haske. Yawancin amines da aka hana sun dogara ne akan rukunin 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl.
2. Zaɓin maganin antioxidants filastik
Dole ne a samar da isasshen zafi yayin polymerization na resin robobi, bayan{0} sarrafawa ko sarrafa samfuran filastik. Zafi yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da lalacewar resin. Amfani da antioxidants a cikin resin polymerization ko post{3}} sarrafawa ya kasance masana'antu a hankali sun gane su.
Lalacewar guduro na PVC yana tare da dukkanin tsarin guduro polymerization. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da maganin antioxidants na phenol kamar 246, 1076, 245, phosphite antioxidants kamar PKY-618, da fatty acid zinc, epoxidized soybean oil, JC{10}ZH21, da sauransu. samar da barga tsarin. Daga cikin su, JC{12}}ZH21 sabon nau'in mahaɗin heterocyclic nitrogen ne tare da ƙaramin adadin adadin, wanda zai iya ɗaukar radicals kyauta, yana da kyakkyawan sakamako na daidaitawa kuma yana da tsada.
Tsarin polymerization na ABS, SBS, PS, POM da sauran resins duk suna amfani da antioxidants ko tsarin daidaitawar thermal, irin su DLTP antioxidants thioester, DSTP, phosphite ester antioxidants PKY-136, da dai sauransu.
Methyl methacrylate PMMA (wanda aka fi sani da plexiglass) yana da halaye na kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, aikin sarrafawa mai kyau da kyawawan kaddarorin gani. A cikin mataki na gaba na haɗin PMMA, ana yin maganin zafin jiki gabaɗaya don cire mahaɗan maras tabbas a cikin resin. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki a cikin babban tsarin jiyya - zafin jiki ya kai digiri 220 ko sama da haka, ƙungiyoyin ƙarshe na sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na PMMA waɗanda ba su da tushe da aka kafa ta rashin daidaituwar sarkar radicals sun fara karya haɗin gwiwa, polymer ɗin PMMA ya fara raguwa, ƙayyadaddun kayan inji da bayyanannu suna raguwa, kuma launin guduro ya lalace.
Ƙara antioxidants a cikin post{0}Tsarin jiyya na PMMA zai iya inganta ingantaccen yanayin zafi{1} oxidative na PMMA. Matsayin antioxidants shine ƙara yawan zafin jiki na farko da kuma matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na lalata na PMMA. Abubuwan da ke hana phenolic antioxidants na iya ƙara yawan zafin jiki na farkon bazuwar da matsakaicin adadin zafin jiki na PMMA. Phosphite antioxidants na iya ƙara yawan zafin jiki na farko na bazuwar PMMA, amma ba zai iya ƙara matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na lalatawar PMMA ba.
Ultra{0}Maɗaukakin nau'in fiber polyethylene mai girma (wanda kuma aka sani da babban -aiki polyethylene fiber, UHMWPE) yana da sifofi na babban ƙarfi, babban modules, ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun nauyi, ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi da juriya mai girma, hakama juriya na ruwa, juriyar danshi, juriya na ruwan teku da juriya na mildew. Juriya ga gajiyawa da kuma tsawon rayuwa mai sassauƙa sun sa ya zama mafi girman aikin fiber da aka yi ciniki tare da mafi girman takamaiman ƙarfi a duniya.
Yawan zafin jiki na ultra{0}maɗaukakin fiber polyethylene yana da kusan digiri 190 , wanda ba a ɗauka a matsayin babban zafin jiki. Koyaya, saboda babban danko mai narkewa, lokacin zama a cikin extruder yana kusan mintuna 10, kuma lokacin dumama yana da tsayi. Lokacin da masana'antun cikin gida ke amfani da tsarin antioxidant na gama gari don samarwa, lalatawar resin ɗin yana da ƙarfi, nauyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ya ragu daga miliyan 4 zuwa ƙasa da miliyan 3, kuma ƙarfin siliki ya kai 15-20% ƙasa da na siliki da aka shigo da shi, kuma bayyanar ta yi launin rawaya. Bayan amfani da tsarin JC-211 na antioxidant na musamman, nauyin kwayoyin ba ya raguwa sosai, ƙarfin siliki ya kai matakin siliki da aka shigo da shi, kuma bayyanar yana da fari da haske.
Ayyukan polypropylene, musamman ma masana'anta na polypropylene filaments, yana buƙatar matakai masu tsauri sosai, kuma zafin aiki ya fi digiri 200. Polypropylene zafi - fakitin buhunan siminti, buhunan kwalta, da sauransu suna buƙatar yin amfani da su na ɗan lokaci a zazzabi na kusan digiri 60; zafin saman jakunkunan roba da ake amfani da su a sararin samaniya a lokacin rani na iya kaiwa digiri 70 a karkashin hasken rana. Hongrun pigment: 3132 ja foda mai haske, haske mai sauri ja BBN, haske mai sauri mai haske BBC, haske mai haske ja C, haske mai sauri mai haske 2BP, Lisol magenta 4BP, Lisol Baohong BK, ja na dindindin F3RK, F5RK na dindindin, Pigment Red 122, Pigment Red 254, Organic Medium Yellow, Organic Light Tartrazinellow Yellow Rawaya na Dindindin HR, Pigment Yellow 81, Pigment Yellow 110, Pigment Yellow 139, Pigment Yellow 151, Pigment Yellow Yellow 180, Dindindin Orange G, Pigment Orange 64, Phthalocyanine Blue BGS, Phthalocyanine Green G, Pigment Vilet da sauran Pigment Vilet. Don sarrafa jakunkuna na filastik da aka saka da buƙatun zafi{23}}amfani mai juriya, babban{24}} inganci da hadadden antioxidant JC-1225 na iya samar da kyakkyawan tsari da amfani da kwanciyar hankali. Table 1 yana nuna canjin narke index na polypropylene tare da antioxidants daban-daban. Tasirin antioxidant JC-1225 ya fi na babban antioxidant 225.
Ƙara masterbatch zuwa resin don samar da kowane nau'in samfuran filastik ya kasance hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a masana'antar sarrafa robobi. Don samfuran da aka sarrafa da samarwa ta hanyar ƙara masterbatches, resin ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da masterbatches zai sake fuskantar lalatawar thermal da lalata injina yayin da resin ɗin ya sake yin zafi yayin samar da samfuran filastik, wanda hakan ke haifar da haɓaka amfani da samfurin. zafi, oxygen, da kuma daukar hoto. Saboda haka, ko da yake da rabo daga cikin m guduro a cikin masterbatch a cikin filastik kayayyakin ba babba, matsalar kara tsufa lalacewa ta hanyar sakandare ko fiye dumama, da kuma tasiri a kan tsufa yi na roba kayayyakin, ya kamata sa masterbatch Da hankali na samar Enterprises da samfurin sarrafa Enterprises.
A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ga masana'antun masterbatch da masana'antu waɗanda ke amfani da wasu kayan aikin sakandare ko kayan da aka sake yin fa'ida don samar da samfuran filastik, haɗin haɗin phenolic da phosphite antioxidants masu hanawa dole ne a yi amfani da su don daidaita tsarin yayin aiki.
